National Symbols of India
National Symbols of India
National Symbols of India: List
1. National Flag: Tiranga (Tricolour)
2. National Emblem: State Emblem of India (Lion Capital of Ashoka)
3. National Anthem: Jana Gana Mana
4. National Song: Vande Mataram
5. National Currency: Indian Rupee (₹)
6. National Calendar: Saka Calendar
7. National Animal: Bengal Tiger
8. National Bird: Indian Peafowl (Peacock)
9. National Flower: Indian Lotus
10. National Tree: Indian Banyan
11. National Fruit: Mango
12. National River: Ganges
13. National Aquatic Animal: Gangetic Dolphin
14. National Reptile: King Cobra
15. National Heritage Animal: Indian Elephant
16. National Game: Hockey
17. National Vegetable: Pumpkin (officially recognized in some regions)
18. National Sweet: Jalebi (unofficial, but widely accepted)
19. National Language: Hindi (official language)
These symbols represent the rich cultural heritage, history, and biodiversity of India.
National Symbols of India: Comprehensive Study
National Emblem:
Lion Capital is the National Emblem of India. It is the replica of the capital (top portion) of Asoka’s pillar at Sarnath (near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh). In the original, there are four lions, standing back to back, mounted on an abacus with a frieze carrying sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion separated by intervening wheels over a bell-shaped lotus. The state Emblem adopted by the Government of India in January 1950 is different from the original. It shows three lions with open mouths (the fourth is invisible). There is Dharma Chakra (Wheel of Law) in the center of the base plate, with the figure of a bull on the right side and a horse on the left. At the extreme ends of the right and left sides, the view of the other wheels appears. Below the emblem, the words Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) from the Mundaka Upanishad are inscribed in the Devanagari Script.
National Anthem:
Jana-Gana-Mana (written by Rabindra Nath Tagore). The song was first sung at the Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress on December 27, 1911. The Constituent Assembly of India adopted it as the National Anthem on January 24, 1950. The playing time of the full version of the National Anthem is about 52 seconds. The complete song consists of five stanzas but the first stanza constitutes the full version of the National Anthem.
National Flag:
The horizontal tricolor of deep saffron at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion, with a navy blue wheel of 24 spokes called Chakra in the centre. The ratio of the width and length is 2 : 3. The wheel (chakra) appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion capital of Mauryan ruler Ashoka. The design of the flag was originally mooted by Madame Bhikaji Rustom Cama in 1907. The Constituent Assembly of India adopted it on July 22, 1947. The top saffron colour indicates strength and courage. The white middle band indicates peace and truth with Dharma Chakra. The green colour shows the fertility, growth and auspiciousness of the land.
National Song:
Vande Mataram ( by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee) This song has been a source of inspiration to the people in their struggle for freedom. It has an equal status with the National Anthem and was first sung at the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta.
National Animal:
National Flower:
The lotus is the National Flower of India. It is large and magnificent, is found on the water surface of pools and lakes with its stem and stem and roots down below. It has great sanctity for the people and symbolizes the truth that a person can rise above worldly evils and keep himself high above them
National Bird:
Peacock. It, perhaps the most beautiful among the male birds, is admired for its long glistering blue neck and fan-shaped crest. The bird has a significant place in Indian legends, literature, folklore and love songs. The courtship dance of the peacock, particularly during the rainy seasons, is indeed spectacular.
National Calendar:
A uniform National Calendar based on the Saka Era with Chaitra as its first month and a normal year of 365 days was adopted from March 22,1957 along with the Gregorian Calendar. The dates of the National Calendar have a permanent correspondence with the dates of the Gregorian calendar, Chaitra 1 falling on March 22 and on March 21 in a leap year.
National River (Ganga)
The Ganga or Ganges is the longest river of India flowing over 2,510 (approx) km of mountains, valleys, and plains. It originates in the snowfields of the Gangotri Glacier in the Himalayas as the Bhagirathi River. It is later joined by other rivers such as the Alaknanda, Yamuna, Son, Gomti, Kosi, and Ghagra. The Ganga basin is one of the most fertile and densely populated areas of the world and covers an area of 1,000,000 sq. km. There are two dams on the river- one at Haridwar and the other at Farakka. The Ganges River Dolphin is an endangered animal that specifically habitats this river.
The Ganga is revered by Hindus as the most sacred river on earth, Key religious ceremonies are held on the banks of the river at cities such as Varanasi, Haridwar and Allahabad. The Ganga widens out into the Ganges Delta in the Sunderban swamp of Bangladesh before it ends its journey by emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
National Fruit:
Mango is the National Fruit of India and it is also known as the ‘king of the fruit throughout the world’.It is a tropical fruit. Its scientific name is Mangifera Indica. In Indian history, many legends and interesting facts are found. Mango is being cultivated in India for more than 4000 years.
National Game:
Hockey is the National Game of India. It is an ancient game played in India. During the Golden Era (1928-56), India played 24 Olympic matches, won 24 and scored 178 goals. The first Hockey club in India was established in Calcutta(1855).
National Aquatic Animal:
The Gangetic Dolphin is the National Aquatic Animal of India. It is also called ‘Susu’. It is found in the river Ganga, Brahmaputra, Meghna and Karnaphuli (Nepal, India and Bangladesh. It is a rare species and to save it Union Govt. declared it as the National Aquatic Animal.
National Language:
Hindi is the National Language in India. It is spoken by 40% of the total country’s population. English is the associate language as the majority of people do not speak Hindi. There are 22 official languages including Hindi and English as it has a diverse list of spoken languages.
National Tree:
The banyan tree is the National Tree in India. It has ever-expanding branches and it represents eternal life. It is also known as Kalpavriksha (wish-fulfilling tree). Its huge structure and deep roots symbolize India’s unity.
National Currency of India:
The Indian Rupee is the official currency of India, it is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India. It is renamed after the silver con ‘rupiya’. It was first issued by Sultan Sher Shah Suri. and the Mughal Empire continued it. Its symbol is derived from the Devanagari consonant. o o o.
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