Chemical Elements

By Growhills

Dive into the world of chemical elements with this comprehensive study. Understand the periodic table's structure, the properties and classifications of elements, and their significance in various fields. Explore detailed information on atomic structure, element groups, and periodic trends. Learn about the discovery and history of elements, their roles in everyday life, and their applications in science and industry. This article serves as an in-depth guide for students, educators, and anyone interested in the foundational components of matter.


---

Chemicals

Chemical Elements

An element, in any substance, can not be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes. Or it is a pure substance consisting only of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei. At present more than 120 elements have been discovered.     

Element--Symbol--Atomic Number

Hydrogen: H--1

Helium: He --2

Lithium: Li- 3

Beryllium-Be-4

Boron: B-5

Carbon: C-6

Nitrogen: N-7

Oxygen: O- 8

Fluorine: F-9

Neon: Ne-10

Sodium: Na-11

Magnesium: Mg-12

Aluminum: Al-13

Silicon: Si-14

Phosphorous –P-15

Sulphur-S-16

Chlorine-Cl-17

Argon -Ar-18

Potassium-K-19

Calcium-Ca-20

Scandium-Sc  - 21

Titanium-Ti-22

Vanadium-V-23

Chromium –Cr-24

Manganese –Mn-25

Iron (Ferum)-Fe-26

Cobalt -Co-27

Nickel-Ni-28

Copper (Cuprum) –Cu-29

Zinc-Zn-30 

Gallium-Ga-31

Germanium –Ge-32

Arsenic -As -33

Selenium-Se -34

Bromine-Br -35

Krypton-Kr-36

Rubidium-Rb -37

Strontium -Sr -38

Yttrium-Y-39

Zirconium-Zr -40

Niobium-Nb-41

Molybdenum –Mo-42

Technetium-Te-43

Ruthenium-Ru-44

Rhodium-Rh -45

Palladium-Pd -46

Silver –Ag-47

Cadmium-Cd -48

Indium -In-49

Tin-Sn-50

Antimony -Sb -51

Tellurium-Te  -52

Iodine -I-53

Xenon- Xe-54

Caesium-Ce-55

Barium  -Ba-56

Lanthanum-La-57    

Cerium -Ce-58

Praseodymium-Pr-59

Neodymium-Nd-60

Promethium-Pm-61

Samarium-Sm-62

Europium-Eu -63

Gadolinium-Gd-64

Terbium –Tb -65

Dysprosium-Dy-66

Holmium-Ho-67

Erbium -Er-68

Thulium-Tm-69

Ytterbium-Yb-70

Lutetium-Lu -71

Hafnium-Hf-72

Tantalum-Ta-73

Tungsten-W-74

Rhenium-Re-75

Osmium-Os-76

Iridium -Ir-77

Platinum-Pt-78

Gold –Au-79                                    

Mercury-Hg-80

Thallium-Ti-81

Lead-Pb-82

Bismuth-Bi-83

Polonium-Po-84

Astatine-At-85

Radon-Rn-86

Francium-Fr-87

Radium-Ra-88

Actinium-Ac-89

Thorium-Th-90

Protactinium-Pa-91

Uranium-U-92

Neptunium-Np-93

Plutonium-Pu -94

Americium-Am-95

Curium-Cm-96

Berkelium-Bk -97

Californium-Cf-98

Einsteinium-Es-99

Fermium-Fm-100

Mendelevium-Md-101

Nobelium-No -102

Lawrencium-Lr-103

Rutherfordium - Rf-104

Dubnium-Db-105

Seaborgium-Sg-106

Bohrium-Bh-107

Hassium-Hs-108

Meitnerium-Mt-109

Darmastadium -Ds-110

Roentgenium-Rg-111

Copernicium-Cn -112

Unutrium-Uut -113

Flerovium-FI-114

Ununpentium-uup-115 (formerly Ununquadium)

Livermorium-Lv-116

Ununseptium-Uus-117 (formerly Ununhexium)

Ununoctium-Uuo-118

Ununennium-Uue-119

Unbinilium-Ubn-120


S.I.Unit 

It is the modern form of metric system and the international system of measurement with an official status. S.I means ‘Systeme international’ (French word).

Quantity-Unit-Symbol

Length -Meter -m

Time –Second-s

Mass-Kilogram-Kg

Area-Square metre-m2 

Volume-Cubic metre -m3

Velocity-Meter/Second -m/s

Acceleration -Meter/Second square -m/s2                           

Density -Kilogram/meter cube-Kg/m3

Momentum-Kilogram metre/second -Kg m/s

Temperature -Kelvin -K

Resistance -Ohm                               

Electric current -Ampere -A

Electromotive force-Volt-V

Electrical Conductivity -Ohm/Metre                       -

Electric Energy -Kilowatt-hour-Kwh

Electric Power -Watt -W

Charge -Coulomb-C

Luminous flux -Candela-cd

Power of Lens -Dioptre-d

Depth of sea -Fathom                        -

Electric Potential-Volt-V

Atmospheric Pressure -Pascal or N/m2 Pa

Electricity -Coulomb -C

Illuminance-Lux                                -

Unit of potential difference –Volt-V

Work-Joule-J

Energy -Joule -J

Force-Newton-N

Pressure-Pascal or Newton/sq.metre-N/m2

Frequency –Hertz-Hz

Power-Watt-W

Weight -Newton-N or kg-wt

Impulse-Newton-Second-Ns

Angular Velocity-Radian/Second     -

Viscosity-Pascal Second-Pa.S

Surface tension-Newton/square metre-N/m2           

Heat-Joule-J

Temperature –Kelvin-K

Wavelength and also the

Length of atomic dimensions –Angstrom-A

Radio activity -Becquerel-Bq

Magnetic Flux -Weber-Wb

Quantity of heat-Calorie-Cal                      

Illuminating Power of

Source of light -Candle Power-cP

Electric Charge-Faraday-Fd

Inductance-Henry-H

Speed of ship or aircraft –Knot-Kn

Brightness-Lambere-La or Lb or L

Luminous Flux –Lumen-Lm

Amount of substance  -Mole -mol

Stress –Pascal-Pa

Plane angle-Radian-rad

Magnetic Flux Density-Tesla                                  


Alloy

It is the combination of two or more metals (elements). The properties of alloys are different than the individual properties of these elements.  

Some Important Alloys

Name-Composition-Use

Brass - Cu (60 to 80%), Zn (40 to 20%)-For making household utensils 

Bronze -Cu (75 to 90%), Sn (25 to 10%)-For making coins, idols, utensils, etc.

German Silver-Cu (60%), Zn (25%), Ni(15%)- For making utensils

Magnellium-Mg(5%), Al(95%)-For making aircraft frame.

Rolled Gold-Cu (90%), Ni(10%)-For making Cheap Ornaments               

Monel Metal -Cu (70%), Ni(30%)-For making alkali-resistant containers.

Bell Metal-Cu (80%), Sn(20%)-For making Bells

Gun Metal -Cu(85%),Zn (10%), Sn(5%) -Used for engineering purposes.

Solder-Sn (50 to 75%),  Pb (50 to25%) -Soldering of metals.

Duralium-Al (95%), Cu (4%), Mg(0.5%),
Mn (0.5%)-In aircraft manufacturing

Steel -Fe(98%), C(2%)-For making nails, screws, bridges, etc.

Stainless Steel -Fe(82%), Cr, Ni(18%)-For making cooking, utensils, knives, etc.


Chemical names of some common compounds

Common Name- Chemical Name- Chemical symbol

Bleaching Powder -Calcium Oxychloride-CaOCll2

Blue Vitriol-Copper Sulphate -CuSO4. 5H2O

Caustic Soda-Sodium Hydroxide-NaOH

Rock Salt -Sodium Chloride -NaCl

Caustic Potash  -Potassium Hydroxide-KOH

Potash Alum-Potassium Aluminiumm Sulphate -K2SO4, Al2(SO4)3,24H2O

Epsom -Magnesium Sulphate-MgSO4, 7H2O         

White Vitriol-Zinc Sulphate -ZnSO4. 7H2O

Marsh Gas-Methane-CH4    

Dry Ice-Solid Carbondioxide -Co2

Slaked Lime-Calcium Hydroxide-Ca(OH)2

Nausadar-Ammonium Chloride-NH4Cl      

Epsom -Magnesium Sulphate-MgSO4, 7H2O         

Quick Lime -Calcium Oxide -CaO

Plaster of Paris-Calcium Sulphate -(CaSO4)2H2O

Gypsum-Calcium Sulphate-CaSO4. 2H2O               

Green Vitriol -Ferrous Sulphate-FeSO47H2O

Mohr’s Salt-Ammonium Ferrous Sulphate-FeSO4(NH4)2SO4,H2O

Marsh Gas-Methane-CH4    

Vinegar-Acetic Acid -CH3COOH

Potash Ash-Potassium Carbonate -K2CO3

Hypo-Sodium Thiosulphate -N2S2O3,5H2O

Baking -Powder -Sodium Bicarbonate-NaHCO3

Washing Soda -Sodium Carbonate- Na2CO3, 10H2O

Magnesia-Magnesium Oxide -MgO

Chalk (Marble)-Calcium Carbonate -CaCO3

Lunar Caustic  -Silver Nitrate-AgNO3

Laughing Gas  -Nitrous Oxide-N2O

Chloroform-Trichloro Methane-CHCl3

Vermaliun-Mercuric Sulphide-HgS

Borax-Borax-Na2B4O7.10H2O

Alcohol-Ethyl alcohol-C2H5OH

Sugar-Sucrose-C12H22O11

Heavy Water-Duterium Oxide-D2O

Glauber Salt-Hydrated Sodium Sulphate      Na2SO4.10H2O

T.N.T. -Tri Nitrotolyene-C6H2CH3 (NO2)3

Calomel-Mercurous Chloride-HgCl

Sand -Silicon Oxide-SiO2.  0 0 0.


Chemical Elements: FAQs

FAQs on Chemical Elements

1. What are chemical elements?

Chemical elements are pure substances that consist of only one type of atom, characterized by a specific number of protons in their nuclei. Each element is unique and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Examples of chemical elements include hydrogen, oxygen, and gold.

2. How is the periodic table organized?

The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number, which is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. Elements are arranged in rows called periods and columns called groups. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell.

3. What is the significance of the atomic number?

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity and its position on the periodic table. It also defines the element's chemical properties and how it interacts with other elements.

4. What are the different classifications of elements?

Elements are classified into three main categories: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Metals are typically shiny, conductive, and malleable. Nonmetals are diverse in appearance and properties but generally are not conductive. Metalloids have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

5. What are some common uses of chemical elements?

Chemical elements have a wide range of uses. For example, oxygen is essential for respiration, carbon is a key component of organic life, silicon is used in electronics, and metals like iron and aluminum are used in construction and manufacturing.

6. How were chemical elements discovered?

Chemical elements were discovered over several centuries through experiments and observations. Early alchemists identified some elements, but the modern understanding of elements began with the work of scientists like Antoine Lavoisier, who defined the concept of an element, and Dmitri Mendeleev, who developed the periodic table.

7. What are isotopes?

Isotopes are variants of a chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. This difference in neutron number results in different atomic masses for the isotopes of an element. Some isotopes are stable, while others are radioactive.

8. What are periodic trends, and why are they important?

Periodic trends are patterns observed in the properties of elements across the periodic table. These trends include atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity. Understanding these trends helps predict the chemical behavior of elements and their compounds.

9. How do elements form compounds?

Elements form compounds through chemical reactions by either transferring or sharing electrons to achieve stable electron configurations. This can result in ionic bonds, where electrons are transferred between atoms, or covalent bonds, where electrons are shared.

10. What role do chemical elements play in everyday life?

Chemical elements play crucial roles in everyday life. For example, carbon forms the basis of all organic compounds, essential for life. Elements like calcium and phosphorus are vital for bone health, while elements such as lithium and silicon are key components in batteries and electronics. Understanding chemical elements and their interactions is fundamental to many scientific and industrial processes that impact daily life. 0 0 0

You May Like: Science in Daily  Life


Comments

Post a Comment

Comments should be honest and suggestive.

Popular Posts

Google Translate English to Assamese | Reviews

By Growhills
Image
"Discover Google Translate English to Assamese. Learn about its features, benefits, and challenges in providing accurate translations between these two languages. Let you be acquainted with the reviews by people using Google Translate. Google Translate English to Assamese: Comprehensive Reviews Google Translate English to Assamese: Introduction Google Translate English to Assamese refers to the functionality of Google Translate, a widely used online translation tool, that allows users to translate text from English into Assamese. Google Translate supports the Assamese language, which is primarily spoken in the state of Assam, India, and provides translations for words, phrases, sentences, or even entire web pages. Users can input English text into Google Translate and choose Assamese as the target language to receive an instant translation. While Google Translate is a useful tool for basic translations, the accuracy and quality of translations can vary, especially when dealing wit...
Read more

Is Masturbation a Sin

By Growhills
Image
Is Masturbation a Sin Is Masturbation a Sin The perception of masturbation as a sin varies widely among different religious and cultural beliefs. Different religious traditions and denominations have different teachings and views on sexuality, and individuals may interpret these teachings in various ways. In some religious contexts, certain beliefs or interpretations may label masturbation as a sin, often based on moral or ethical considerations. However, other religious groups may not consider masturbation inherently sinful, viewing it as a natural and private aspect of human sexuality. It's essential to recognize that attitudes toward masturbation can be influenced by personal beliefs, cultural norms, and religious teachings. Individuals may have different perspectives on this matter, and what is considered a sin in one belief system may not be viewed the same way in another. If you have questions or concerns about the moral or spiritual aspects of masturbation within your speci...
Read more

How to Control Masturbation

By Growhills
Image
How to Control Masturbation How to Control Masturbation Introduction to  How to Control Masturbation Controlling masturbation is a common concern for many individuals, and it's important to approach this topic with sensitivity and understanding. Here are some strategies that may help individuals who want to gain better control over their masturbation habits: Understanding Masturbation: It's essential to recognize that masturbation is a normal and healthy sexual activity for most people. It serves as a way to explore one's body, and experience pleasure, and can have physical and mental health benefits. The goal is not to eliminate it entirely but to establish a balance that aligns with an individual's values and goals. Identify Triggers and Patterns: Encourage individuals to identify the triggers or situations that lead to excessive masturbation. Stress, boredom, loneliness, and certain environmental cues can contribute to the habit. Recognizing these triggers can help i...
Read more

Carl Sagan's Speech on the Future of Mankind

By Growhills
Image
Dive into Carl Sagan's Speech on the Future of Mankind, a timeless 'Pale Blue Dot' reflection, exploring humanity's place in the cosmos through vivid imagery and profound insights. Discover how Sagan's perspective challenges our views on Earth's significance and urges global stewardship in a vast universe. Carl Sagan's Speech on the Future of Mankind Introduction to Carl Sagan's Speech on the Future of Mankind In the vast expanse of the cosmos, amidst the swirling galaxies and endless voids of space, there exists a tiny world—a pale blue dot suspended in a sunbeam. This iconic image, captured by NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft at the urging of the renowned scientist Carl Sagan, offers a profound perspective on our place in the universe. On February 14, 1990, Voyager 1, having completed its primary mission to study the outer planets, turned its camera homeward. From nearly 4 billion miles away, Earth appeared as a mere speck—a fragile oasis of life amidst...
Read more

Health Anthology of American Literature

By Growhills
Image
Health Anthology of American Literature Health Anthology of American Literature Health Anthology of American Literature Introduction to Health Anthology of American Literature In the vast landscape of American literature, a distinctive thread weaves through the pages—a narrative of wellness, resilience, and the human spirit's enduring pursuit of health. This anthology, aptly titled "The Health Anthology of American Literature," delves into the myriad ways in which literary works illuminate the intersections of physical, mental, and societal well-being. From the healing power of words to the therapeutic embrace of nature, this anthology invites readers to explore the diverse dimensions of health within the tapestry of American literary traditions. Each chapter unfolds as a testament to the profound impact literature can have on our understanding of wellness, offering insights that resonate across time, culture, and the ever-evolving landscape of human experience. Join us o...
Read more

American Literature Class

By Growhills
Image
American Literature Class American Literature Class   Introduction to American Literature Class Welcome to the world of American literature—a captivating journey through the pages of literary history that spans continents, cultures, and centuries. In this American literature class, we embark on an exploration of the diverse voices, narratives, and themes that have shaped the literary landscape of the United States. From the earliest works that mirror the nation's founding spirit to the contemporary expressions that reflect the complexities of modern society, this class is a gateway to understanding the multifaceted tapestry of American literary tradition. Course Overview: Colonial Foundations and Revolutionary Visions : Delve into the writings of early American settlers and the revolutionary thinkers whose words laid the groundwork for the nation's identity. Transcendentalism and Romanticism: Explore the transcendentalist philosophy and the romantic ideals that emerged in the ...
Read more

Is Masturbation Good?

By Growhills
Image
Is Masturbation Good? Is Masturbation Good? Introduction to Is Masturbation Good: Yes, masturbation is generally considered a normal and healthy part of human sexuality. It can have several potential benefits, both physical and psychological. Here are some of the positive aspects of masturbation: Positive Aspects of Masturbation: Sexual Pleasure: Masturbation is a natural way to experience sexual pleasure and explore one's own body. It allows individuals to discover what feels good to them and helps in understanding their sexual preferences. Stress Relief: Sexual activity, including masturbation, can promote the release of endorphins, the body's feel-good hormones. This can contribute to relaxation and stress reduction. Improved Sleep: The release of endorphins during sexual activity, including masturbation, can lead to a sense of relaxation and may contribute to improved sleep quality. Pain Relief: Masturbation may provide relief from menstrual cramps or certain types of pain ...
Read more

Does Masturbation Grow Pimples

By Growhills
Image
Does Masturbation Grow Pimples Does Masturbation Grow Pimples Introduction to  Does Masturbation Grow Pimples: The relationship between masturbation and acne, including pimples, is a topic that has been studied, and there is no conclusive evidence to suggest a direct causation. Acne is primarily influenced by hormonal changes, genetics, and other factors related to skin health. Masturbation itself does not lead to an increase in acne. However, there are a few indirect factors that may contribute to this misconception: Hormonal Changes: During puberty, hormonal fluctuations can contribute to both an increase in sexual desire (including masturbation) and the development of acne. These hormonal changes are natural and part of the normal process of sexual and physical development. Sweat and Friction : While masturbation doesn't directly cause pimples, vigorous or rough masturbation techniques may cause increased friction, leading to skin irritation. Sweat produced during physical acti...
Read more

The Solar System

By Growhills
Image
Discover the wonders of our Solar System in this comprehensive study. Explore the Sun, planets, moons, asteroids, and other celestial bodies. Gain insights into their formation, characteristics, and the intricate dynamics that govern their interactions. Perfect for astronomy enthusiasts and curious learners." The  Solar System : Comprehensive Study The  Solar System The solar system was formed about 4,600 million years ago and it is situated in the Orion arm of the Milky Way galaxy, around two-thirds away from the central bulge, about 27,000 light-years from the center of the galaxy. It takes the solar system about 220 million years to orbit the galaxy once.  The planets of the solar system can be divided into an inner system of four small solid planets made up of materials similar to that of the Earth. The outer system of solar planets consists of four larger planets known as the ‘ gas giants ’ has rings and lots of moons. Hydrogen, helium, frozen water, ammonia, methane...
Read more

Boys Masturbation

By Growhills
Image
Boys Masturbation Boys Masturbation Introduction to Boys Masturbation   Masturbation is a natural and normal part of human sexuality, and it is a common behavior for both boys and girls. It's important to approach the topic with openness, and understanding, and provide accurate information. Here are some key points related to boys and masturbation: Key Points Related to Boys Masturbation: Normal and Healthy: Masturbation is a normal and healthy sexual activity that many boys engage in. It is a way for individuals to explore their bodies, experience pleasure, and learn about their sexual responses. Educational Support: Providing comprehensive sexuality education is crucial. Boys should be informed about the physical and emotional aspects of puberty, sexual health, and the normalcy of masturbation. This education helps in reducing stigma and promoting a healthy understanding of one's body. Variability in Frequency: The frequency of masturbation varies widely among individuals. Th...
Read more