Climatic Regions of India

By Growhills

Explore the diverse climatic regions of India with our comprehensive study. Understand the distinct weather patterns, geographical influences, and seasonal variations across the country. Ideal for students, researchers, and anyone interested in India's rich climatology.

Climatic Regions of  India: Comprehensive study

Climatic Regions of India


Climatic  Regions of  India

Tropical Rain Forest:

(i) Climate found on the west coastal plain and Sahyadris and in parts of Assam.

(ii) The Temperatures are high, not falling below 18.20C even during winter and rising to 290C in April and May, the hottest months.

(iii) Dense forests and plantation agriculture with crops like tea, coffee and spices are the main vegetation in the area. 

Tropical Savanna:

(i) Most of the peninsula, except the semi-arid zone in the lee side of the Sahyadris experiences this type of climate.

(ii) A long dry weather lasting through winter and early summer and high temperature remaining above 18.20C even during the winter seasons and rising as high as 320C in summer are the chief characteristics of the climate. 

(iii) Nagpur has a mean temperature of  35.40C for May (the hottest month) and 20.70C for December (the coldest month).

(iv) The natural vegetation all over the area is savanna.

Tropical Semi-Arid Steppe Climate:

(i) Climate of the rain-shadow belt, running southward from central Maharashtra to Tamil Nadu, in the leeside of the Sahyadris and Cardamom Hills of low and uncertain rainfall.

(ii) Temperature varying from 20 degree C to 23.80C for December and 32.80C for May, Agriculturally, the climate is suitable only for dry farming and livestock rearing.

Tropical and sub-tropical Steppe:

(i)This type of climate occurs over a broad crescent from Punjab to Kachchh between the Thar Desert to its west and the more humid climates of the Ganga Plain and the Peninsula to its east and south respectively.

(ii)  The climate, therefore, is transitional between these two areas. The annual rainfall is not only low but it is also high erratic.

Tropical Desert:

(i)The western part of Barmer, Jaisalmer and Bikaner districts of Rajasthan and most of the part of Kachchh from the sandy wastages of the Thar which experiences a typical desert climate.

((ii) Ganganagar has recorded a maximum temperature of 500C, the highest record. Humid Sub-Tropical with Winter:

(i) A large area to the south of the Himalayas, east of the tropical and sub-tropical steppe and north of the tropical savanna running in a long belt from Punjab to Assam with a south westward extension into Rajasthan east of the Aravalli Range, has this type of climate. 

(ii) Winters are dry except for a little rain received from the westerly depression. 

Mountain Climate:

(a) The Himalayan and Karakoram ranges experience this type of climate with sharp contrasts between the temperatures of the sunny and shady slopes, high diurnal range of temperatures and high variability of rainfall. (ii) The the trans-Himalayan region, Ladakh, where the south-west monsoon fails to reach, has a dry and cold climate and spare and stunning vegetation.

Drought-Prone Region in India:

The dry areas of Rajasthan and the adjoining parts  of  Haryana and Gujarat is liable to frequent drought conditions. Another area liable to frequent drought lies on the leeward side of the Western Ghats.  

Peninsular  Mountains                               

The Aravalli Range: It is one of the oldest fold in the world. Highest Peak: Guru Sikhar(1,722m) of the Tabu Hills. It extends from the northeast to the southwest of  India and the semi-desert region of Rajasthan from the fertile  Udaipurand Paippur regions.

Vindhya Range: Composed of sandstones, shales and quartzites. Acts as a watershed between north and south India. It is a block mountain that separates northern India from the southern mainland.

Satpura Range: Highest Peak: Dhupgarh (1,350m) Near Panchmarhi. It extends in an east-west direction to the south of the Vindhyas. Starting from Rajpipla hills in the west through Mahadeo hills to Maikala range. Situated between Narmada and Tapi river.

Maikala Range: Highest Peak: Mount Amarkantak Eastern part of Satpura System, situated in -Madhya Pradesh.

Cardamon Hills: Formed of gneisses and schists. Situated in the extreme south of Peninsular India.

Ajanta Range, Balghat Range and Harish Chandra Range:  Highest Peak  Kalsubai (1,646m) Chandra Range Extending in the east to west direction. These Ranges are all spurs of the Western Ghats forming local watersheds.

Nilgiri Hills: Highest Peak: Doda Betta (2,637m )in Nilgiri Hills. The hills are separated from southern hills by a gap called Palghat Gap. The meeting point of Western and Eastern Ghats.

Raj Mahal Hills: Extended in a north-south direction. Situated in the north-eastern edge of the Chotanagpur plateau.

Anaimalai Hills: Highest Peak: Anai Mudi (2,695m). Anai Mudi is the highest peak of south India. Acts as the main watershed of Peninsular rivers. 

Sahyadris (Western Ghats) :  Spread along the western coastal plain from the south of the valley of Tapi to Kanyakumari. Maximum rainfall and is covered with evergreen forests. Eastern Ghats: Extends along the eastern coast of India from northern Odisha to the Nilgiri Hills.  It is characterized by unbroken hills between Mahanadi and Godavari. o o o.

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Climatic  Regions of  India: FAQs

Long Answer Type FAQs: Climatic Regions of India

1. What are the major climatic regions of India?

India's diverse climate can be broadly categorized into six major climatic regions: the Himalayan Region, characterized by extreme cold, snowfall, and temperate summers; the Northwestern Plains with hot summers, cold winters, and moderate rainfall; the Western Desert Region, known for its arid climate and extreme temperatures; Central India, which experiences hot summers, moderate winters, and significant monsoon rainfall; the Eastern Coastal Plains with high humidity, moderate temperatures, and heavy monsoon rainfall; and the Western Coastal Plains, featuring a tropical climate with high humidity and heavy monsoon rains.

2. How does the monsoon impact the climatic regions of India?

The Indian monsoon plays a crucial role in shaping the climate across various regions. The Southwest Monsoon, occurring from June to September, brings heavy rainfall to most parts of the country, particularly the Western Ghats, northeastern states, and coastal regions. The Northeast Monsoon, from October to December, primarily affects the southeastern coast, including Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. The monsoon season significantly influences agriculture, water resources, and overall climatic conditions, with regions like the Thar Desert receiving minimal rainfall, while areas like Cherrapunji in Meghalaya experience some of the highest rainfall in the world.

3. What climatic challenges are faced by the Himalayan region?

The Himalayan region faces unique climatic challenges, including extreme cold with severe winters and heavy snowfall, leading to transportation and daily life difficulties. Avalanches and landslides are common due to heavy snowfall and melting snow in summer, posing risks to residents and infrastructure. The agricultural season is short due to long winters, limiting the types of crops that can be cultivated. Additionally, climate change has accelerated glacier melting, impacting water resources and leading to glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs).

4. How does the climate of the Western Desert Region affect its inhabitants?

The Western Desert Region, primarily encompassing Rajasthan, faces several climatic challenges. Summers are scorching, with temperatures exceeding 50°C, while winters are relatively cooler. Low annual rainfall (less than 250 mm) leads to severe water scarcity, impacting agriculture and daily life. The harsh climate supports sparse vegetation, primarily consisting of drought-resistant plants. Inhabitants have adapted by developing traditional water conservation techniques like step wells (baolis) and relying on camels for transportation.

5. What are the characteristics of the tropical climate in the Western Coastal Plains?

The Western Coastal Plains experience a tropical climate characterized by high humidity due to proximity to the Arabian Sea, significant rainfall during the southwest monsoon, with annual averages between 2,000 to 3,500 mm, and relatively moderate temperatures ranging from 25°C to 30°C throughout the year. This climate supports lush vegetation, including tropical rainforests and a diverse range of flora and fauna.

6. How does the climate of Central India support its agricultural practices?

Central India's climate supports diverse agricultural activities with significant monsoon rainfall from June to September, enabling the cultivation of crops like rice, wheat, soybeans, and pulses. The dry winter and summer seasons are suitable for crops like gram, mustard, and millets. Moderate winters and hot summers provide favorable growing conditions for a variety of crops, including fruits and vegetables. The region's alluvial and black soils are highly fertile, supporting intensive agriculture.

7. What are the climatic features of the Eastern Coastal Plains?

The Eastern Coastal Plains exhibit distinct climatic features with high rainfall during both the southwest and northeast monsoons, with annual averages around 1,000 to 3,000 mm. The Bay of Bengal frequently experiences cyclones, especially during the pre-monsoon (April-May) and post-monsoon (October-December) periods, impacting coastal areas. High humidity levels prevail throughout the year due to proximity to the Bay of Bengal, and the climate remains warm, with temperatures typically ranging from 20°C to 35°C.

8. How do the Northwestern Plains' climate and geography influence its economy?

The climate and geography of the Northwestern Plains significantly influence its economy. Fertile alluvial soils and moderate rainfall make this region an agricultural hub, producing wheat, rice, sugarcane, and various fruits and vegetables. The climate supported the Green Revolution in the 1960s, leading to increased agricultural productivity and self-sufficiency in food grains. The moderate climate supports year-round industrial activities, contributing to the region's economic growth. Extensive irrigation networks, including canals and tube wells, mitigate the impact of variable rainfall and support consistent agricultural output.

9. What is the impact of climate change on India's climatic regions?

Climate change has diverse impacts on India's climatic regions. Rising temperatures lead to heatwaves, affecting health, agriculture, and water resources. Changes in monsoon patterns result in unpredictable rainfall, causing floods in some regions and droughts in others. Accelerated melting of Himalayan glaciers impacts river flows and water availability in northern India. Coastal regions face the threat of sea-level rise, leading to coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion, and displacement of communities. Changing climates affect ecosystems and biodiversity, leading to habitat loss and species migration.

10. How do regional festivals reflect the climatic diversity of India?

Regional festivals in India often reflect the climatic and agricultural diversity of the country. Pongal in Tamil Nadu is celebrated during the harvest season in January, marking the end of the northeast monsoon. Baisakhi in Punjab is a harvest festival in April, marking the start of the harvest season for rabi crops. Makar Sankranti is celebrated across India in January, marking the end of winter and the beginning of the harvest season. Onam in Kerala is celebrated during August-September, marking the harvest season and the end of the southwest monsoon. Lohri in Punjab, celebrated in January, marks the end of winter and the onset of longer days. Bihu in Assam features three main festivals (Rongali, Kongali, and Bhogali) reflecting different agricultural seasons. These festivals are deeply rooted in the agricultural cycles and climatic conditions of their respective regions, showcasing the integral connection between climate and culture in India. 0 0 0.


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